Deteksi Dini Gangguan Perkembangan Motorik Kasar Dan Halus Pada Anak Usia Dini

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji secara mendalam praktik deteksi dini gangguan perkembangan motorik kasar dan halus pada anak usia dini serta mengidentifikasi hambatan pelaksanaannya di tingkat lembaga PAUD. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif yang dilaksanakan di satu lembaga PAUD di wilayah penelitian dengan melibatkan 6 informan, terdiri atas 3 guru PAUD dan 3 orang tua anak usia 3–6 tahun, yang dipilih secara purposive berdasarkan keterlibatan langsung dalam pemantauan perkembangan anak. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi aktivitas anak, wawancara mendalam, dan studi dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan model interaktif Miles dan Huberman yang meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan, dengan keabsahan data dijaga melalui triangulasi sumber dan teknik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa deteksi dini perkembangan motorik di PAUD masih dilakukan secara non-instrumental, bergantung pada pengamatan guru terhadap aktivitas harian anak seperti berlari, melompat, menjaga keseimbangan, menggenggam, dan menggunakan alat tulis. Guru belum menggunakan instrumen baku seperti KPSP atau DDST karena keterbatasan pengetahuan dan pelatihan. Hambatan utama meliputi minimnya pemahaman guru dan orang tua tentang indikator keterlambatan motorik, tidak tersedianya panduan observasi terstandar, serta lemahnya koordinasi antara PAUD dan layanan kesehatan. Temuan ini mengindikasikan perlunya penguatan kapasitas guru dan orang tua melalui pelatihan deteksi dini berbasis instrumen sederhana serta integrasi sistematis antara PAUD dan posyandu sebagai implikasi praktis penelitian.
 
This study aims to examine early detection practices of gross and fine motor developmental delays in early childhood education settings and to identify barriers encountered in their implementation. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed and conducted at a preschool institution in the research area, involving six informants, consisting of three early childhood teachers and three parents of children aged 3–6 years, selected purposively based on their direct involvement in child development monitoring. Data were collected through classroom observations, in-depth interviews, and document analysis. Data analysis followed the Miles and Huberman interactive model, including data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, while data credibility was ensured through source and technique triangulation. The findings reveal that early detection of motor development in the PAUD setting is predominantly conducted through informal daily observations, without the use of standardized screening instruments. Teachers rely on children’s routine activities such as running, jumping, balancing, grasping objects, and using writing tools to identify potential delays. Major barriers include limited teacher and parental knowledge of developmental indicators, lack of standardized observation tools, and weak collaboration between early childhood institutions and health services. These findings highlight the need for practical policy interventions, particularly capacity building for teachers and parents and the development of simple, standardized observation tools integrated with local health services.