Evaluasi Kinerja Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Mikro Hidro (PLTMH) Desa Tepal, Kabupaten Sumbawa pada Kondisi Beban Puncak

Afrianto; Mukhtar Hadi; Mietra Anggara; Imam Syaukani; Putri Indah Kencana

doi:10.59086/jti.v4i3.1320

Authors

Afrianto Universitas Teknologi Sumbawa
Mukhtar Hadi Universitas Teknologi Sumbawa
Mietra Anggara Universitas Teknologi Sumbawa
Imam Syaukani Universitas Teknologi Sumbawa
Putri Indah Kencana Universitas Teknologi Sumbawa

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59086/jti.v4i3.1320

Keywords:

PLTMH, Turbin Crossflow, Beban Puncak, Kinerja Pembangkit

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Mikrohidro (PLTMH) Desa Tepal, Kabupaten Sumbawa, yang menggunakan turbin crossflow, khususnya pada kondisi beban puncak. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif melalui pengukuran langsung parameter hidrolik dan elektrikal, meliputi debit air, tinggi jatuh efektif, tegangan, arus, frekuensi, serta kondisi beban generator tiga fasa. Daya teoritis dihitung berdasarkan parameter hidrolik dan efisiensi komponen sistem, sedangkan daya aktual ditentukan dari hasil pengukuran tegangan dan arus generator. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada debit aktual sebesar 0,03 m³/detik diperoleh daya listrik teoritis generator sebesar 5,73 kW, sementara hasil pengukuran lapangan menunjukkan daya listrik aktual mencapai 19,1 kW pada kondisi beban puncak. Ketidaksesuaian yang signifikan antara daya teoritis dan daya aktual ini mengindikasikan adanya keterbatasan dalam estimasi debit serta pengaruh dominan karakteristik beban, ketidakseimbangan arus antar fasa, dan sistem kendali beban terhadap kinerja pembangkit. Jika dibandingkan dengan potensi daya berdasarkan debit desain turbin, PLTMH Desa Tepal belum beroperasi pada kondisi optimal. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan dasar evaluasi untuk perbaikan sistem kendali dan pengelolaan beban PLTMH agar operasi pembangkit lebih efisien dan andal.

This study aims to evaluate the performance of the Micro Hydropower Plant (MHP) in Tepal Village, Sumbawa Regency, which utilizes a crossflow turbine, particularly under peak load conditions. The research method employs a quantitative descriptive approach through direct measurements of hydraulic and electrical parameters, including water discharge, effective head, voltage, current, frequency, and the load conditions of a three-phase generator. The theoretical power is calculated based on hydraulic parameters and system component efficiencies, while the actual power is determined from measured generator voltage and current. The results show that at an actual discharge of 0.03 m³/s, the theoretical electrical power of the generator is 5.73 kW, whereas field measurements indicate that the actual electrical power reaches 19.1 kW under peak load conditions. The significant discrepancy between theoretical and actual power indicates limitations in discharge estimation as well as the dominant influence of load characteristics, phase current imbalance, and the load control system on plant performance. When compared to the power potential based on the turbine design discharge, the Tepal Village MHP has not yet been operating under optimal conditions. These findings provide a basis for evaluating improvements in the load control system and load management to ensure more efficient and reliable plant operation.

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