Simulasi Kehilangan Daya pada Sistem Transmisi Udara dan Bawah Tanah Menggunakan MATLAB: Studi Perbandingan Kinerja Energi

Adam Pangestu

doi:10.59086/jti.v4i2.994

Authors

Adam Pangestu Universitas Al-Azhar

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59086/jti.v4i2.994

Keywords:

Saluran transmisi 150 kV, Kehilangan daya, Saluran bawah tanah, Saluran udara, Kinerja energi

Abstract

Kehilangan daya dalam sistem transmisi menjadi salah satu faktor utama yang memengaruhi efisiensi distribusi energi listrik, terutama pada sistem 150 kV yang banyak digunakan dalam jaringan transmisi jarak jauh. Perbandingan antara saluran udara (Overhead Transmission Line/OTL) dan saluran bawah tanah (Underground Cable/UGC) penting untuk menentukan jenis transmisi yang lebih unggul dari sisi efisiensi energi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi besarnya kehilangan daya dan profil tegangan pada kedua jenis sistem transmisi menggunakan perangkat lunak MATLAB. Metode yang digunakan meliputi pemodelan sistem saluran transmisi 150 kV dengan panjang 50 km, impedansi karakteristik masing-masing media, serta simulasi aliran daya (power flow) dan kehilangan daya (power loss). Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa sistem saluran udara menghasilkan kehilangan daya sebesar 3,24 MW, sedangkan sistem kabel bawah tanah menghasilkan kehilangan daya sebesar 4,81 MW untuk beban yang sama sebesar 100 MVA. Dari segi profil tegangan, saluran udara mampu mempertahankan tegangan terminal hingga 98,5% dari tegangan nominal, sedangkan saluran bawah tanah menunjukkan penurunan hingga 95,6%. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa saluran udara lebih efisien dalam menjaga kestabilan dan efisiensi energi pada jarak jauh.

Power loss in the transmission system is one of the main factors affecting the efficiency of electrical energy distribution, especially in the 150 kV system which is widely used in long-distance transmission networks. Comparison between overhead transmission lines (OTL) and underground cables (UGC) is important to determine which type of transmission is superior in terms of energy efficiency. This study aims to evaluate the magnitude of power loss and voltage profile in both types of transmission systems using MATLAB software. The methods used include modeling a 150 kV transmission line system with a length of 50 km, the characteristic impedance of each medium, and power flow and power loss simulations. The simulation results show that the overhead line system produces a power loss of 3.24 MW, while the underground cable system produces a power loss of 4.81 MW for the same load of 100 MVA. In terms of voltage profile, the overhead line is able to maintain a terminal voltage of up to 98.5% of the nominal voltage, while the underground line shows a reduction of up to 95.6%. These results indicate that overhead lines are more efficient in maintaining stability and energy efficiency over long distances.

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