Kewirausahaan: Strategi, Inovasi, dan Ketangguhan dalam Lingkungan Bisnis yang Berubah Cepat

Rifki Nitasari; Linda Wahyunningsih; Jumnalia; Allya Aina Sabilah; Aditya Ramadhani; Bintang Prakarsa; M. Gumanti

doi:10.59086/jti.v4i3.1270

Authors

Rifki Nitasari Institut Bakti Nusantara (IBN) Pringsewu
Linda Wahyunningsih Institut Bakti Nusantara (IBN) Pringsewu
Jumnalia Institut Bakti Nusantara (IBN) Pringsewu
Allya Aina Sabilah Institut Bakti Nusantara (IBN) Pringsewu
Aditya Ramadhani Institut Bakti Nusantara (IBN) Pringsewu
Bintang Prakarsa Institut Bakti Nusantara (IBN) Pringsewu
M. Gumanti Institut Bakti Nusantara (IBN) Pringsewu

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59086/jti.v4i3.1270

Keywords:

Kewirausahaan, Inovasi, Katangguhan, Ekonomi Digital, Pendidikan Kewirausahaan

Abstract

Kewirausahaan telah berkembang dari aktivitas bisnis sederhana menjadi disiplin ilmu yang berperan penting dalam transformasi ekonomi global abad ke-21. Artikel ini menelaah dimensi teoritis dan praktis kewirausahaan melalui systematic literature review dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa kewirausahaan modern merupakan ekosistem dinamis yang menuntut sinergi antara karakter individu, proses bisnis yang adaptif, dan dukungan lingkungan seperti kebijakan, akses pembiayaan, serta infrastruktur digital. Paradoks utama ditemukan pada hubungan antara risiko dan perencanaan strategis, di mana keberhasilan lahir dari validasi dan pembelajaran berkelanjutan. Pendidikan kewirausahaan yang efektif perlu mengedepankan pengalaman praktis dan mentoring intensif. Membangun budaya kewirausahaan berkelanjutan memerlukan kolaborasi antara akademisi, praktisi, dan pembuat kebijakan guna menciptakan nilai ekonomi dan sosial jangka panjang.

Entrepreneurship has evolved from simple business initiation into a discipline and a key driver of global economic transformation in the 21st century. This article examines the theoretical and practical dimensions of entrepreneurship through a systematic literature review with a qualitative descriptive approach. Findings reveal that modern entrepreneurship is a dynamic ecosystem requiring synergy among individual characteristics, adaptive business processes, and supportive environments such as policies, financing access, and digital infrastructure. A central paradox emerges between risk and strategic planning, where success is achieved through continuous validation and learning. Effective entrepreneurship education should emphasize experiential learning and intensive mentoring. Building a sustainable entrepreneurial culture requires collaboration among academics, practitioners, and policymakers to create long-term economic and social value

References

Badan Pusat Statistik. (2023). Peran usaha mikro, kecil, dan menengah (UMKM) terhadap perekonomian Indonesia 2022–2023. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik.

Carreyrou, J. (2018). Bad blood: Secrets and lies in a Silicon Valley startup. Knopf.

Cantillon, R. (1755). Essai sur la nature du commerce en général (Terjemahan Inggris).

Drucker, P. F. (1985). Innovation and entrepreneurship: Practice and principles. Harper & Row.

Duckworth, A. (2016). Grit: The power of passion and perseverance. Scribner.

Dweck, C. S. (2006). Mindset: The new psychology of success. Random House.

Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. (2023). Global report 2023/24. GEM.

Granovetter, M. (1973). The strength of weak ties. American Journal of Sociology, 78(6), 1360–1380. https://doi.org/10.1086/225469

Hastuti, S., & Nurhasanah, I. (2022). Peran ketangguhan mental wirausaha di era VUCA. Jurnal Manajemen dan Kewirausahaan, 24(3), 145–156.

Kim, W. C., & Mauborgne, R. (2005). Blue ocean strategy: How to create uncontested market space and make the competition irrelevant. Harvard Business Review Press.

Kirzner, I. M. (1973). Competition and entrepreneurship. University of Chicago Press.

McClelland, D. C. (1961). The achieving society. Van Nostrand.

Osterwalder, A., & Pigneur, Y. (2010). Business model generation: A handbook for visionaries, game changers, and challengers. John Wiley & Sons.

Pratama, R., & Handayani, T. (2023). Inovasi dan kolaborasi sebagai determinan keberlanjutan usaha rintisan di Indonesia. Jurnal Inovasi Ekonomi, 9(1), 45–59.

Rahayu, L., & Nurdin, M. (2021). Mindset dan ketahanan wirausaha pada masa pandemi COVID-19. Jurnal Entrepreneur dan Inovasi, 5(2), 101–110.

Ries, E. (2011). The lean startup: How today’s entrepreneurs use continuous innovation to create radically successful businesses. Crown Business.

Rini, A., & Handoko, R. (2022). Model bisnis super app Gojek dan dampaknya terhadap ekosistem digital Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Teknologi Digital, 8(4), 203–219.

Sarasvathy, S. D. (2001). Causation and effectuation: Toward a theoretical shift from economic inevitability to entrepreneurial contingency. Academy of Management Review, 26(2), 243–263. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2001.4378020

Sari, D., & Susanto, R. (2021). Analisis faktor penyebab kegagalan usaha mikro di Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi dan Bisnis, 27(1), 33–47.

Say, J.-B. (1803). Traité d'économie politique.

Schumpeter, J. A. (1934). The theory of economic development: An inquiry into profits, capital, credit, interest, and the business cycle. Harvard University Press.

Shane, S., & Venkataraman, S. (2000). The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research. Academy of Management Review, 25(1), 217–226. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2000.2791611

Syamsudin, F., & Lestari, W. (2023). Kebijakan pemerintah dan daya saing UMKM di era digital. Jurnal Kebijakan Ekonomi, 12(3), 199–210.

Wibowo, A. (2022). Peran pendidikan kewirausahaan dalam membangun ekosistem startup di Indonesia. Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi, 14(4), 287–298.

World Bank. (2023). World development report 2023: Entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship. World Bank Group.